Open access publishing, article downloads, and citations: randomised controlled trial
2008

Impact of Open Access on Article Downloads and Citations

Sample size: 1619 publication Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Davis Philip M, Lewenstein Bruce V, Simon Daniel H, Booth James G, Connolly Mathew J L

Primary Institution: Cornell University

Hypothesis

Does free access to scientific literature increase article downloads and citations?

Conclusion

Open access publishing may reach more readers than subscription access publishing, but it does not lead to an increase in citations in the first year after publication.

Supporting Evidence

  • Open access articles had 89% more full text downloads than subscription articles.
  • Open access articles had 42% more PDF downloads than subscription articles.
  • Open access articles had 23% more unique visitors than subscription articles.
  • Open access articles were cited 59% of the time compared to 63% for subscription articles.

Takeaway

Making scientific articles free to read helps more people find and read them, but it doesn't mean they'll be cited more often.

Methodology

A randomised controlled trial was conducted with articles assigned to either open access or subscription access, measuring downloads and citations.

Potential Biases

Self-selection bias may have influenced which articles were made open access.

Limitations

The study only measured citations within the first year and may have missed citation activity occurring later.

Participant Demographics

The study involved articles from 11 journals published by the American Physiological Society.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.001

Confidence Interval

95% confidence interval 76% to 103%

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1136/bmj.a568

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