Thyroid cancer epidemiology in England and Wales: time trends and geographical distribution
1993

Thyroid Cancer Trends in England and Wales

Sample size: 16017 publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): I. dos Santos Silva, A.J. Swerdlow

Primary Institution: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

Hypothesis

Is the increase in thyroid cancer incidence related to fallout radiation from nuclear tests?

Conclusion

Thyroid cancer incidence has increased, particularly in younger women, but mortality has decreased due to better survival rates.

Supporting Evidence

  • Thyroid cancer incidence increased significantly in both sexes under 45 from 1962 to 1984.
  • Mortality rates from thyroid cancer decreased from 1959 to 1989.
  • Highest incidence risks were found in North and Mid Wales, particularly in rural areas.

Takeaway

More people are getting thyroid cancer, especially younger women, but fewer are dying from it because treatments are better now.

Methodology

The study analyzed data from the England and Wales National Cancer Registry and national mortality files from 1962 to 1984.

Potential Biases

Potential biases due to incomplete data and variations in diagnostic practices over time.

Limitations

The completeness of cancer registration may have improved over time, which could affect incidence rates.

Participant Demographics

Data included both males and females, with a focus on those aged under 45 and 45 and over.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.001

Confidence Interval

0.92-4.46

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

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