Rituximab Treatment in Hepatitis C Infection: An In Vitro Model to Study the Impact of B Cell Depletion on Virus Infectivity
2011

Impact of Rituximab on Hepatitis C Virus Infectivity

publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Stamataki Zania, Tilakaratne Samantha, Adams David H., McKeating Jane A.

Primary Institution: University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Hypothesis

Does rituximab treatment increase the level of infectious hepatitis C virus released from B cells?

Conclusion

Rituximab treatment leads to an increase in the release of infectious hepatitis C virus from B cells, which may explain the transient increase in viral load observed in patients.

Supporting Evidence

  • B cells lysed by rituximab can release significantly more infectious hepatitis C virus.
  • The study used a model where the virus does not replicate in B cells.
  • Rituximab treatment is associated with a transient increase in liver enzymes and HCV RNA.

Takeaway

When doctors use a medicine called rituximab to treat patients with hepatitis C, it can cause more of the virus to be released from certain immune cells called B cells.

Methodology

An in vitro ADCC model was established to study the effects of rituximab on B cell-associated hepatitis C virus infectivity using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a Burkitt's lymphoma B cell line.

Limitations

The study does not account for potential virus replication in B cells in vivo or the role of B cells in controlling infection through immune protection.

Participant Demographics

Healthy volunteers provided peripheral blood mononuclear cells for the study.

Statistical Information

P-Value

0.0442

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0025789

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