Cryptococcus gattii: Emergence in Western North America: Exploitation of a Novel Ecological Niche
2009

Emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in Western North America

Sample size: 200 publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Kausik Datta, Karen H. Bartlett, Kieren A. Marr

Primary Institution: Johns Hopkins University

Hypothesis

The emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in the Pacific Northwest may be linked to changing climate conditions and land use.

Conclusion

Cryptococcus gattii has emerged as a significant pathogen in Western North America, posing increased risks to human and animal health.

Supporting Evidence

  • More than 200 cases of C. gattii have been documented in humans.
  • The average annual incidence of C. gattii is 27.9 cases per million on Vancouver Island.
  • The case fatality rate from C. gattii disease was estimated to be 4.5% between 1999 and 2006.
  • C. gattii can survive in a variety of climates, including tropical and temperate regions.
  • Environmental sampling showed high concentrations of C. gattii in soil and air in the Pacific Northwest.

Takeaway

A fungus called Cryptococcus gattii has started making people and animals sick in the Pacific Northwest, likely because of changes in the environment.

Methodology

The study involved genetic typing, epidemiological tracking, and ecological niche modeling to understand the emergence and spread of C. gattii.

Limitations

The exact origins of C. gattii strains and the full impact of climate change on its emergence remain unclear.

Participant Demographics

The study focused on cases in humans and domestic animals in the Pacific Northwest, particularly in British Columbia and the Northwestern United States.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.001

Confidence Interval

0.56–0.92

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1155/2009/176532

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