High Prevalence of Self-Reported Undiagnosed HIV despite High Coverage of HIV Testing: A Cross-Sectional Population Based Sero-Survey in South Africa
2011

High Prevalence of Undiagnosed HIV in South Africa

Sample size: 1144 publication 10 minutes Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Kranzer Katharina, van Schaik Nienke, Karmue Unice, Middelkoop Keren, Sebastian Elaine, Lawn Stephen D., Wood Robin, Bekker Linda-Gail

Primary Institution: The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Hypothesis

What is the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV and the uptake of HIV testing in a peri-urban South African community?

Conclusion

The study found a high burden of undiagnosed HIV despite high coverage of HIV testing, indicating a very high incidence.

Supporting Evidence

  • 71.0% of participants had previously tested for HIV.
  • Overall HIV prevalence was 22.7% in the study population.
  • Prevalence of previously undiagnosed HIV was 10.3% overall.
  • The highest prevalence was found in women aged 25.1–35 years at 41.8%.

Takeaway

Many people in South Africa who have HIV don't know it, even though a lot of them have been tested before. This means we need to test more often.

Methodology

A random sample of 10% of the adult population was invited to a mobile HIV counseling and testing service, where they completed a questionnaire and underwent HIV testing.

Potential Biases

Social desirability bias may have influenced self-reported HIV testing experience.

Limitations

Non-attendance rate of 12% and potential recall bias in self-reported previous testing.

Participant Demographics

Participants were primarily South African, with a significant portion being recent migrants.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.001

Confidence Interval

95% CI 20.3–25.3

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0025244

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