MVA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates encoding different spike protein conformations induce distinct early transcriptional responses which may impact subsequent adaptive immunity
2024

Different MVA-based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Induce Varying Immune Responses

Sample size: 30 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Grewe Ilka, Friedrich Monika, Dieck Marie-Louise, Spohn Michael, Ly My Linh, Krähling Verena, Mayer Leonie, Mellinghoff Sibylle C., Rottstegge Monika, Kraemer Rebekka, Volz Asisa, Becker Stephan, Fathi Anahita, Dahlke Christine, Weskamm Leonie M., Addo Marylyn M.

Primary Institution: University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf

Hypothesis

The conformation of the spike protein in MVA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines affects early transcriptional responses and subsequent adaptive immunity.

Conclusion

The MVA-ST vaccine, which encodes a prefusion-stabilized spike protein, induced stronger immune responses compared to the MVA-S vaccine with the native spike protein.

Supporting Evidence

  • MVA-ST induced higher virus neutralizing antibodies compared to MVA-S.
  • Distinct immune signatures were observed for MVA-, ChAd-, and mRNA-based vaccines.
  • Positive correlations were found between innate and adaptive immune responses after MVA-ST vaccination.

Takeaway

Two different vaccines against COVID-19 were tested, and one worked better than the other because of how it presented the virus's spike protein.

Methodology

The study involved phase 1 clinical trials comparing two MVA-based vaccines in SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals, analyzing immune responses through transcriptome and flow cytometry data.

Limitations

The small sample size limits the generalizability of the findings.

Participant Demographics

Participants were seronegative individuals aged 18-65.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.3389/fimmu.2024.1500615

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