Comparing Anxiety and Depression Screening Tools in Pakistan
Author Information
Author(s): Syed Hammad Raza, Zachrisson Henrik Daae, Dalgard Odd Steffen, Dalen Ingvild, Ahlberg Nora
Primary Institution: Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine, Oslo, Norway
Hypothesis
How does the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10) compare to the Pakistan Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire (PADQ) in measuring anxiety and depression in a rural Pakistani population?
Conclusion
The HSCL-10 is a reliable screening tool for anxiety and depression in rural Pakistan, showing moderate to good concordance with the indigenous PADQ.
Supporting Evidence
- The internal consistency of HSCL-10 and PADQ were 0.86 and 0.84 respectively.
- Exploratory factor analysis found evidence for both a one-dimensional and a two-dimensional solution for HSCL-10.
- The HSCL-10 and PADQ were found to be moderately to highly correlated (r = 0.62).
- The mean distress score for HSCL-10 was 1.29.
Takeaway
This study looked at two ways to check if people are feeling anxious or sad in Pakistan. It found that both methods work pretty well, but one is a bit better.
Methodology
A cross-sectional study using convenient sampling to recruit participants from six villages in Pakistan, employing interview versions of HSCL-10 and PADQ.
Potential Biases
Potential bias due to the sampling method, which may attract individuals with health concerns.
Limitations
The study may have selection bias due to the self-motivated nature of participants and the overrepresentation of females.
Participant Demographics
Mean age of participants was 51 years, with 63% female and 94.3% married; 41.4% had no education.
Statistical Information
P-Value
0.62
Confidence Interval
95% CI, 1.27–1.32
Statistical Significance
p<0.0001
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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