Understanding Reinforcement in ADHD
Author Information
Author(s): Espen Borgå Johansen, Peter R Killeen, Vivienne A Russell, Gail Tripp, Jeff R Wickens, Rosemary Tannock, Jonathan Williams, Terje Sagvolden
Primary Institution: Centre for Advanced Study (CAS) at the Norwegian Academy for Science and Letters, Oslo, Norway
Hypothesis
How are reinforcement processes altered in ADHD?
Conclusion
ADHD symptoms can be explained by a steepened delay-of-reinforcement gradient, affecting attention and memory.
Supporting Evidence
- ADHD is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and inattention.
- Children with ADHD respond atypically to reinforcers and have difficulty delaying gratification.
- Reinforcement processes in ADHD are influenced by attention and memory deficits.
Takeaway
Kids with ADHD have a harder time waiting for rewards, which makes it tough for them to learn from their experiences.
Methodology
The paper reviews theoretical and experimental analyses of reinforcement processes in ADHD.
Limitations
The findings may not apply universally to all individuals with ADHD due to the disorder's heterogeneity.
Participant Demographics
The study discusses ADHD in children and adults, with a prevalence of about 5% in school-aged children.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Want to read the original?
Access the complete publication on the publisher's website