HTLV-1 Proteins and Their Role in Infection and Persistence
Author Information
Author(s): Dustin Edwards, Claudio Fenizia, Heather Gold, Maria Fernanda de Castro-Amarante, Cody Buchmann, Cynthia A. Pise-Masison, Genoveffa Franchini
Primary Institution: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
Hypothesis
What are the functions of the proteins encoded by orf-I and orf-II in HTLV-1 infection and persistence?
Conclusion
HTLV-1 proteins p12, p8, p30, and p13 play critical roles in modulating T-cell activation, immune evasion, and viral persistence.
Supporting Evidence
- HTLV-1 proteins modulate T-cell activation and immune responses.
- p12 and p8 decrease MHC-I expression to evade immune detection.
- p30 retains viral mRNA in the nucleus to suppress viral replication.
- p13 alters mitochondrial function and promotes apoptosis in transformed cells.
Takeaway
HTLV-1 uses special proteins to help it stay in the body without being noticed by the immune system, which helps it survive for a long time.
Methodology
This is a review article summarizing current knowledge of HTLV-1 proteins and their functions.
Limitations
The exact roles of some proteins in vivo remain unclear due to confounding factors in earlier studies.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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