Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) and Regulatory T Cells in HTLV-1-Associated Neuroinflammatory Disease
2011

HTLV-1 and Regulatory T Cells in Neuroinflammatory Disease

publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Araya Natsumi, Sato Tomoo, Yagishita Naoko, Ando Hitoshi, Utsunomiya Atae, Jacobson Steven, Yamano Yoshihisa

Primary Institution: Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan

Hypothesis

HTLV-1 may induce T cell plasticity from regulatory T cells to pro-inflammatory T cells, contributing to neuroinflammatory diseases.

Conclusion

HTLV-1 infection leads to immune dysregulation, which is associated with increased disease severity in conditions like HAM/TSP.

Supporting Evidence

  • HTLV-1 infection is linked to various inflammatory diseases, including HAM/TSP and ATL.
  • HTLV-1-infected T cells show altered cytokine production, contributing to immune dysregulation.
  • Regulatory T cells (Treg) are affected by HTLV-1, leading to reduced immune suppression.

Takeaway

HTLV-1 can change certain immune cells in the body, making them more aggressive and causing diseases that affect the nervous system.

Methodology

The review summarizes recent research findings on HTLV-1's effects on Treg cells and their role in neuroinflammatory diseases.

Limitations

The exact mechanisms of HTLV-1-induced immune dysregulation are not fully understood.

Participant Demographics

The study discusses findings primarily from patients in HTLV-1 endemic regions, including Japan and the Caribbean.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.3390/v3091532

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