FGF4 and Retinoic Acid Direct Differentiation of hESCs into PDX1-Expressing Foregut Endoderm in a Time- and Concentration-Dependent Manner
2009

FGF4 and Retinoic Acid Direct Differentiation of hESCs into PDX1-Expressing Foregut Endoderm

publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Johannesson Martina, Ståhlberg Anders, Ameri Jacqueline, Sand Fredrik Wolfhagen, Norrman Karin, Semb Henrik

Primary Institution: Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Hypothesis

Can FGF4 and retinoic acid effectively direct the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into PDX1-expressing foregut endoderm?

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that FGF4 and retinoic acid work together to efficiently direct the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into PDX1-expressing foregut endoderm.

Supporting Evidence

  • FGF4 and retinoic acid were shown to work together in a concentration-dependent manner to induce differentiation.
  • Approximately 32% of the cells differentiated into PDX1-expressing foregut endoderm.
  • RA is necessary for the conversion of hESCs into PDX1+ cells.

Takeaway

Scientists found that two substances, FGF4 and retinoic acid, can help turn special cells from embryos into cells that can become part of the pancreas, which is important for making insulin.

Methodology

The study tested the effects of FGF4 and retinoic acid on human embryonic stem cells to determine their roles in differentiation into PDX1-expressing cells.

Limitations

The study does not address the long-term viability and functionality of the differentiated cells.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0004794

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