Beyond binary: Analyzing closed‐source data to compare specific roles and behaviors within violent and nonviolent terrorist involvement
2025

Understanding Terrorist Involvement Beyond Violence

Sample size: 404 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Amber Seaward, Zoe Marchment, Caitlin Clemmow, Frank Farnham, Richard Taylor, Luc Taperell, Sara Henley, Sara Boulter, Karen Townend, Paul Gill

Primary Institution: University College London

Hypothesis

Should terrorist involvement be disaggregated into more specific roles and behaviors rather than treated as a binary distinction between violent and nonviolent?

Conclusion

Disaggregating terrorist involvement into specific behaviors reveals more detailed relationships and risk factors that are obscured when only considering violence versus nonviolence.

Supporting Evidence

  • Disaggregating behaviors provides clearer insights into the risk factors associated with terrorism.
  • Women were more likely to be referred for radicalization vulnerability or potential foreign fighting.
  • Personality and developmental disorders were associated with violent behaviors.
  • Extreme right-wing and extreme Islamist referrals showed no overall difference in violence.

Takeaway

This study looks at different types of people involved in terrorism and finds that understanding their specific roles can help us better assess risks and prevent violence.

Methodology

The study used bivariate and multivariate analyses on data from 404 referrals to a UK countering violent extremism hub, focusing on specific behaviors related to terrorism.

Potential Biases

The dataset may be biased due to its closed-source nature and the specific context of the referrals.

Limitations

The sample is not representative of all individuals of concern to CVE agencies and primarily includes pre-criminal referrals, limiting generalizability.

Participant Demographics

{"age":{"mean":30.5,"range":"9-71"},"gender":{"male":373,"female":31},"ethnicity":{"White, North European":155,"White/Mediterranean, South European":12,"Black":69,"Asian/South Asian":97,"Arab or North African":37,"Unknown":34}}

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.05

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1111/1556-4029.15648

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